September 12 - Bradford and Winthrop

- Henry VIII split the church in 1534
- this was not for religious reasons but for divorce reasons
- this sparked a Puritan movement

- Anglicans thought Catholic churches were too orante and impersonal
- Puritans thought Anglican churches were too ornate and impersonal
- Catholic and even Anglican masses were conducted in Latin

- Puritanism was seen as a threat to stability
- so it was made illegal
- so some Puritans moved to the Netherlands
- after ten years, the Netherlands was threatened with an invasion from Spain
- so the Puritans bought some land near Jamestown, Virginia
- then they went to Plymouth instead

- a PURITAN is someone who thinks the Church of England needs a revolution
- a PILGRIM is someone who quits the church and moves away to start his own church

- Winthrop was with the Massachusetts Bay colony
- Bradford was with the Plymouth colony
- both colonies first bought their land from the British crown
- both colonies were supposed to have a religious government

Here are six new ideas to be implemented in Plymouth:

Democratic election of church leaders.
Reading of the Bible by common people.
Intermediares not needed to speak to God.
Vernacular used in services.
Equality of every Puritan before God.
Sermons as a central part of the church service.

- Bradford's ship (1620) had 100 Puritans, and some adventurers
- Winthrop's ship (1630) had 700 Puritans
- By 1645 or so, 20 000 Puritans had arrived in America
- by 1700, very few Americans were still Puritan

Here are five things Puritans believe in:

Total depravity -- Everyone's born a sinner.
Unconditional Election -- God has already chosen the Elect and the hellbound.
Limited atonement -- Christ only died for the sins of the elect.
Irresistable grace -- The Elect and the hellbound can't change their status.
Perseverance of the saints -- The Elect have a duty to run the community.

The Pilgrims sailed to America to be free from England.
But the Pilgrims had very little freedom from their own rules.

Bradford
- Bradford attributes all events to God
- when the villain on the ship gets sick, Bradford thinks God is punishing him
- he refers to the Indians as "savages" before he meets them

- Bradford sees the Puritans scrambling for land, ten years later
- he sees that the new church has already split
- he is already associating America with materialism
- he wrote his book to remind the people of the Mayflower Compact they'd signed
- he warned them about backsliding
- they hadn't come to America for the wealth

"This, I fear, will be the ruin of New England."
-- Bradford

Winthrop
- Puritans believed themselves to be God's chosen people
- Winthrop says they have a duty to make good on this choice
- Winthrop was an idealist, speaking before the ship sailed
- his famous line is about a "city upon a hill"
- he believes that the colony will set an example, and that others will try to follow
- his 700 Puritans all signed the Arbella Covenant

- he claims that people have different ways as a part of God's balance in the world
- his example, ironically enough, is about rich and poor people